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Renal Calculus
Commonly known as a kidney stone usually consists of calcium oxalate, uric acid and calcium phosphate crystals and may form in any portion of the urinary tract.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
This noninvasive procedure produces shock waves generated by a lithotriptor to pulverize kidney or gallstones. The stone typically breaks up after 800 to 2000 shocks.
Generally, this procedure is performed by a urologist. Anesthesia may be necessary to control the pain, depending on the size and density of the stone and the energy of the shock wave needed to break it up.